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March 29, 2022
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Retinol and α-tocopherol contents, fat color, and lipid oxidation as traceability tools of the feeding system in suckling payoya kids

Publicated to:Animals. 12 (1): 104- - 2022-01-01 12(1), DOI: 10.3390/ani12010104

Authors: Roncero-Diaz, Mercedes; Panea, Begona; Cordoba, Maria de Guia; Arguello, Anastasio; Alcalde, Maria J

Affiliations

Centro de Investigaci?n y Tecnolog?a Agroalimentaria de Arag?n , Universidad de Zaragoza - Author
Ctr Invest & Tecnol Agroalimentaria Aragon CITA, Unidad Prod & Sanidad Anim, Avda Montanana 930, Zaragoza 50059, Spain - Author
Univ Extremadura, Dept Anim Prod & Food Sci, Ave Adolfo Suarez S-N, Badajoz 06007, Spain - Author
Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Inst Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Anim Prod & Biotechnol Grp, Arucas 35413, Spain - Author
Univ Seville, Dept Agron, Ctra Utrera Km 1, Seville 41013, Spain - Author
Univ Zaragoza, CITA, Inst Agroalimentario Aragon IA2, C Miguel Servet, Zaragoza 50059, Spain - Author
Universidad de Extremadura - Author
Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - Author
Universidad de Sevilla - Author
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Abstract

The effects of Payoya kid feeding systems on the fat-soluble vitamin (retinol/α-tocopherol) contents, fat content, fat color, and the oxidation index were evaluated to determine their potential for use as feeding system traceability tools. Four groups of Payoya kids (55 animals in total) fed milk exclusively were studied: a group fed a milk replacer (MR) and three groups fed natural milk from dams reared with different management systems (mountain grazing (MG), cultivated meadow (CM) and total mixed ration (TMR)). Kids were slaughtered around one month of age and 8 kg of live weight. Kids from the MG and CM groups presented lower retinol (5.56 and 3.72 µg/mL) and higher α-tocopherol plasma (11.43 and 8.85 µg/mL) concentrations than those from the TMR and MR groups (14.98 and 22.47 µg/mL of retinol; 2.49 and 0.52 µg/mL of α-tocopherol, respectively) (p < 0.001). With respect to fat, kids with a higher intramuscular fat percentage (CM and TMR groups) had lower retinol contents (16.52 and 15.99 µg/mL, respectively) than kids from the MG and MR groups (26.81 and 22.63 µg/mL, respectively) (p < 0.001). A dilution effect of vitamins on fat was shown: the higher the amount of fat, the lower the vitamin concentrations, the higher the lipid oxidation index (MDA), and the lower the SUM (absolute value of the integral of the translated spectra between 450 and 510 nm). A discriminant analysis that included all studied variables showed that 94.4% of the kids were classified correctly according to their feeding system and could allow traceability to the consumer.

Keywords

adipose-tissuebeta-carotenecolordietfat-soluble vitaminsfeeding systemsgoat kidlipid oxidationmeat qualitymilkpastureperformanceplasmareflectance spectroscopytraceabilityColorFat-soluble vitaminsFeeding systemsGoat kidLipid oxidationTraceabilityVitamin-e supplementation

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Animals due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2022, it was in position 13/144, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Veterinary Sciences. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-07-15:

  • WoS: 3
  • Scopus: 3
  • Europe PMC: 1

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-15:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 21.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 30 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 0.5.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: http://hdl.handle.net/10532/5720