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This research was funded by EU Commission Sixth Framework Programme Project "GemQual" (QLK5-CT-2000-0147) and the Government of Aragon (Grant Research Group Funds, Group A14_20R).

Analysis of institutional authors

Ripoll, GCorresponding AuthorPanea, BAuthor

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July 12, 2021
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Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Predicting the Phospholipid Fraction and the Total Fatty Acid Composition of Freeze-Dried Beef

Publicated to:Sensors. 21 (12): 4230- - 2021-06-02 21(12), DOI: 10.3390/s21124230

Authors: Ripoll, Guillermo; Failla, Sebastiana; Panea, Begona; Hocquette, Jean-Francois; Dunner, Susana; Olleta, Jose Luis; Christensen, Mette; Ertbjerg, Per; Richardson, Ian; Conto, Michela; Alberti, Pere; Sanudo, Carlos; Williams, John L

Affiliations

Bristol Vet Sch, Fac Hlth Sci, Bristol BS40 5DU, Avon, England - Author
Consiglio Ric Agr & Anal Econ Agr, CREA, I-00015 Monterotondo, Italy - Author
Ctr Invest & Tecnol Agroalimentaria Aragon CITA, Avda Montanana 930, Zaragoza 50059, Spain - Author
Frontmatec Smoerum AS, Hassellunden 9, DK-2765 Smoerum, Denmark - Author
Inst Agroalimentario Aragon IA2 CITA Univ Zaragoz, Avda Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain - Author
Inst Natl Rech Agr Alimentat & Environm VetAgro S, INRAE, UMR1213, Unite Rech Herbivores,Theix, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France - Author
Univ Adelaide, Sch Anim & Vet Sci, Davies Res Ctr, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia - Author
Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Dept Anim Sci Food & Nutr, Via Emilia Parmense 84, I-29122 Piacenza, Italy - Author
Univ Complutense, Dept Prod Anim, Fac Vet, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
Univ Helsinki, Dept Food & Nutr, Helsinki 00014, Finland - Author
Univ Zaragoza, Dept Prod Anim, Avda Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Research on fatty acids (FA) is important because their intake is related to human health. NIRS can be a useful tool to estimate the FA of beef but due to the high moisture and the high absorbance of water makes it difficult to calibrate the analyses. This work evaluated near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a tool to assess the total fatty acid composition and the phospholipid fraction of fatty acids of beef using freeze-dried meat. An average of 22 unrelated pure breed young bulls from 15 European breeds were reared on a common concentrate-based diet. A total of 332 longissimus thoracis steaks were analysed for fatty acid composition and a freeze-dried sample was subjected to near-infrared spectral analysis. 220 samples (67%) were used as a calibration set with the remaining 110 (33%) being used for validation of the models obtained. There was a large variation in the total FA concentration across the animals giving a good data set for the analysis and whilst the coefficient of variation was nearly 68% for the monounsaturated FA it was only 27% for the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). PLS method was used to develop the prediction models. The models for the phospholipid fraction had a low R(2)p and high standard error, while models for neutral lipid had the best performance, in general. It was not possible to obtain a good prediction of many individual PUFA concentrations being present at low concentrations and less variable than other FA. The best models were developed for Total FA, saturated FA, 9c18:1 and 16:1 with R-p(2) greater than 0.76. This study indicates that NIRS is a feasible and useful tool for screening purposes and it has the potential to predict most of the FA of freeze-dried beef.

Keywords

bovinechemometricsmufanirspufasfaAdipose-tissueAnimalAnimalsBeefBovineCalibrationCattleCattle fed sunflowerChemical-compositionChemometricsCoefficient of variationFatty acidFatty acid compositionFatty acidsForecastingFreeze dried samplesGrass-silage dietHealth valueHigh standardsHumanHumansInfrared devicesInfrared transmissionIntramuscular fatIr spectroscopyLow concentrationsMaleMeatMeat-productsMonounsaturated fatty acidsMufaMuscleNear infrared reflectance spectroscopyNear infrared spectralNear infrared spectroscopyNirsOnline predictionPhospholipidPhospholipidsPolyunsaturated fatty acidsPotential usePrediction modelPredictive analyticsPufaReflectionSfaSpectroscopy, near-infraredSpectrum analysis

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Sensors due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Analytical Chemistry.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 2.43, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-06, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 9
  • Scopus: 8
  • Europe PMC: 6

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-06:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 34.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 35 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 2.35.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 3 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Australia; Denmark; Finland; France; Italy; United Kingdom.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Ripoll García, Guillermo) .

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Ripoll García, Guillermo.