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This research was supported by the Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) (grants RTA2012-00097, RTA2015-00046, and RFP2015-00015) and the Gobierno de Aragon- European Social Fund, European Union (Grupo Consolidado A12).

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Pina, ACorresponding AuthorIrisarri, PAuthorErrea, PAuthor

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April 12, 2021
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Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Associated With Graft (In)Compatibility in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)

Publicated to:Frontiers In Plant Science. 12 (622906): 622906- - 2021-02-19 12(622906), DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.622906

Authors: Pina, Ana; Irisarri, Patricia; Errea, Pilar; Zhebentyayeva, Tetyana

Affiliations

Ctr Invest & Tecnol Agroalimentaria Aragon CITA, Unidad Hortofruticultura, Zaragoza, Spain - Author
Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Schatz Ctr Tree Mol Genet, University Pk, PA 16802 USA - Author
Univ Zaragoza, CITA, Inst Agroalimentario Aragon IA2, Zaragoza, Spain - Author

Abstract

Graft incompatibility (GI) between the most popular Prunus rootstocks and apricot cultivars is one of the major problems for rootstock usage and improvement. Failure in producing long-leaving healthy grafts greatly affects the range of available Prunus rootstocks for apricot cultivation. Despite recent advances related to the molecular mechanisms of a graft-union formation between rootstock and scion, information on genetic control of this trait in woody plants is essentially missing because of a lack of hybrid crosses, segregating for the trait. In this study, we have employed the next-generation sequencing technology to generate the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and construct parental linkage maps for an apricot F-1 population Moniqui (Mo) x Paviot (Pa) segregating for ability to form successful grafts with universal Prunus rootstock Marianna 2624. To localize genomic regions associated with this trait, we genotyped 138 individuals from the Mo x Pa cross and constructed medium-saturated genetic maps. The female Mo and male Pa maps were composed of 557 and 501 SNPs and organized in eight linkage groups that covered 780.2 and 690.4 cM of genetic distance, respectively. Parental maps were aligned to the Prunus persica v2.0 genome and revealed a high colinearity with the Prunus reference map. Two-year phenotypic data for characters associated with unsuccessful grafting such as necrotic line (NL), bark and wood discontinuities (BD and WD), and an overall estimate of graft (in)compatibility (GI) were collected for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on both parental maps. On the map of the graft-compatible parent Pa, two genomic regions on LG5 (44.9-60.8 cM) and LG8 (33.2-39.2 cM) were associated with graft (in)compatibility characters at different significance level, depending on phenotypic dataset. Of these, the LG8 QTL interval was most consistent between the years and supported by two significant and two putative QTLs. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on QTLs for graft (in)compatibility in woody plants. Results of this work will provide a valuable genomic resource for apricot breeding programs and facilitate future efforts focused on candidate genes discovery for graft (in)compatibility in apricot and other Prunus species.

Keywords

apricotbreedinggraft incompatibilitylinkage mapquantitative trait lociApricotBreedingGraft incompatibilityLinkage mapQuantitative trait lociSequence-based genotyping

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Frontiers In Plant Science due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position 20/239, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Plant Sciences. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.09. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 1.17 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 4.07 (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-13, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 15
  • Scopus: 16
  • Europe PMC: 7

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-13:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 20 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: United States of America.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Pina Sobrino, Ana) .

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Pina Sobrino, Ana.