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Veterinarians, biologists, and other staff at the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, the California Department of Food and Agriculture, and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife are acknowledged for submitting and processing some of the cases from the RHD outbreaks in California that were used as examples in our review.

Impact on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Analysis of institutional authors

Calvete Margolles, CarlosAuthor

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July 2, 2024
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Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2, 2010-2023: a review of global detections and affected species

Publicated to:Journal Of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 36 (5): 617-637 - 2024-06-19 36(5), DOI: 10.1177/10406387241260281

Authors: Asin, Javier; Calvete, Carlos; Uzal, Francisco A; Duarte, Margarida Dias; Henderson, Eileen E; dos Santos, Fabio Abade

Affiliations

Agrifood Inst Aragon IA2, Agrifood Res & Technol Ctr Aragon CITA, Anim Sci Dept, Zaragoza, Spain - Author
Lusofona Univ, Fac Vet Med, Lisbon, Portugal - Author
Natl Inst Agr & Vet Res INIAV, Oeiras, Portugal - Author
Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, 105 W Cent Ave, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA - Author

Abstract

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2/genotype GI.2 (RHDV2/GI.2; Caliciviridae, Lagovirus) causes a highly contagious disease with hepatic necrosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation in several Leporidae species. RHDV2 was first detected in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in France in 2010 and has since spread widely. We gather here data on viral detections reported in various countries and affected species, and discuss pathology, genetic differences, and novel diagnostic aspects. RHDV2 has been detected almost globally, with cases reported in Europe, Africa, Oceania, Asia, and North America as of 2023. Since 2020, large scale outbreaks have occurred in the United States and Mexico and, at the same time, cases have been reported for the first time in previously unaffected countries, such as China, Japan, Singapore, and South Africa, among others. Detections have been notified in domestic and wild European rabbits, hares and jackrabbits (Lepus spp.), several species of cottontail and brush rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.), pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis), and red rock rabbits (Pronolagus spp.). RHDV2 has also been detected in a few non-lagomorph species. Detection of RHDV2 causing RHD in Sylvilagus spp. and Leporidae species other than those in the genera Oryctolagus and Lepus is very novel. The global spread of this fast-evolving RNA virus into previously unexploited geographic areas increases the likelihood of host range expansion as new species are exposed; animals may also be infected by nonpathogenic caliciviruses that are disseminated by almost all species, and with which genetic recombination may occur.

Keywords

AnimalsCaliciviridaeCaliciviridae infectionsCalicivirusCottontailsDiagnosticoDiagnóstico animalEuropean rabbitsGi.2HaresHemorrhagic disease virus, rabbitHepatitisIdentificatioJackrabbitsLagovirusLagovirus europaeusLeporidaeLife on landOryctolagus-cuniculusOutbreakPhylogenyRabbit hemorrhagic diseaseRabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2RabbitsRhdv2Rt-pcrSylvilaguSylvilagusType-2VariantVirosis

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Journal Of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Veterinary (Miscellaneous). Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q3 for the agency WoS (JCR) in the category Veterinary Sciences.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-07-19:

  • WoS: 4
  • Scopus: 5
  • Europe PMC: 5

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-19:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 24 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
    Continuing with the social impact of the work, it is important to emphasize that, due to its content, it can be assigned to the area of interest of ODS 15 - Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss, with a probability of 0% according to the mBERT algorithm developed by Aurora University.

    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Portugal; United States of America.

    There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: Last Author (dos Santos, Fabio Abade).