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La fertilización nitrogenada aumenta a corto plazo la calidad delsuelo en sistemas intensificados de maíz en regadío

Publicado en:Spanish Journal Of Agricultural Research. 23 (1): 10 - - 2025-01-01 23(1), DOI:

Autores: Mª Victoria Lafuente Rosales; Ana Bielsa; María Alonso Ayuso; Samuel Franco Luesma; Carmen Castañeda; Laura Beatriz Martínez García; José Luis Arrúe Ugarte; Jorge Álvaro Fuentes

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Resumen

Aim of study: This study had a double objective that consisted of: (i) assessing the effects of Nfertilisation on soil quality under different cropping systems (monocropping vs. double-annual croppingsystems) under irrigated maize conditions; and (ii) identifying soil parameters related to soil quality thatrespond quickly to short-term management changes in Mediterranean irrigated maize systems.Area of study: Zaragoza province, SpainMaterial and methods: The field experiment involved a strip plot design with three growing systems –maize monoculture (MM), pea-maize (PM), and barley-maize (BM)– and three fertilisation levels:unfertilised (0N), medium nitrogen (MN), and high nitrogen (HN). After two years, soil samples werecollected at two depths (0-10 cm and 10-30 cm). Soil parameters measured related to soil quality were totalsoil organic carbon (SOC), water-stable macro aggregates (WSM), macroaggregate C concentration(Macro-C), particulate organic matter carbon (POM-C), permanganate-oxidisable organic carbon (POxC),soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and enzyme activity: dehydrogenase (Dhns) and ß-glucosidase(Gds).Main results: Our research showed that in intensified systems, the highest fertilisation rate improved soilparameters in the topsoil by enhancing all the soil parameters tested except for the dehydrogenise enzymeactivity. In contrast, in the monoculture, the highest fertilisation rate only increased SOC and Macro-C.Fertilisation had a higher impact on soil quality in the BM system compared to the PM system, probablyrelated to greater quantities of crop residues in the BM system under a high fertilisation rate.Research highlights: Nitrogen fertilisation improves soil parameters related to soil quality in intensifiedsystems and the magnitude of the fertilisation impact may depend on crop species and residues. The impactof N fertilisation on soil quality can be detected in the short term when testing early indicators of soilquality.

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