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March 27, 2026
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Diagnostic Performance of Rose Bengal, Competitive ELISA, and Native Hapten (NH) Assays in S19 Mass‐Vaccinated Cattle in an Endemic Brucellosis Environment

Publicated to: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2026 (1): 2381785- - 2026-03-27, DOI: 10.1155/tbed/2381785

Authors:

Bonilla-Machado, Wilson J.; Aguilar-Chavarría, Andrés; Chacón-Díaz, Carlos; Barquero-Calvo, Elías; Chaves-Olarte, Esteban; Guzmán-Verri, Caterina; Sandí-Muñoz, Alexis; Moriyón, Ignacio; Blasco, José María; Moreno, Edgardo; Hernández-Mora, Gabriela
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Costa Rica, América

Abstract

Controlling bovine brucellosis depends on reliable diagnostics and vaccination strategies that minimize serological interference. We assessed the performance of the rose bengal test (RBT), competitive ELISA (cELISA), and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) with native hapten (NH)+lipopolysaccharide (LPS) following Brucella abortus S19 vaccination under different protocols in two cattle populations in Costa Rica. Conjunctival vaccination with reduced-dose S19 induced only transient antibody responses, with all animals becoming seronegative within weeks and no NH reactivity. In contrast, subcutaneous vaccination resulted in stronger and longer-lasting RBT and cELISA seropositivity. In previously vaccinated herds, a small proportion of animals developed NH-specific precipitin lines, consistent with an anamnestic response to residual infection. These results demonstrate that vaccination route strongly influences serological outcomes and confirm the value of AGID NH+LPS for identifying active infection in vaccinated herds. Conjunctival S19 vaccination is recommended for mass vaccination programs, and caution is advised when using cELISA as a confirmatory test in endemic settings.
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Keywords

Brucella abortusBrucelosisGanado bovinoSerologíaVacunación

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Transboundary and Emerging Diseases due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2026, it was in position 34/171, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Veterinary Sciences.

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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-11-15:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 3.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 3 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

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