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March 24, 2026
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Assessing consumer preferences for forest bathing: A new challenge to promote forest recreation services in a rural region in Spain

Publicated to: SSRN. 6402362- - 2026-03-12 (), DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.6402362

Authors:

Ballco, P., Sancho-Knapik, D. & de Magistris, T.
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Pinares de Rodeno, España

Abstract

This study evaluates consumer preferences for forest bathing and seeks to promote alternative forest-based recreation services in rural areas (Orihuela del Tremedal, Pinares de Rodeno), both located in Aragón (northeastern Spain). Respondents were presented with a range of hypothetical forest bathing scenarios that varied by price, the presence or absence of a guide, and the option to participate individually or in a group of 5-10 people. An opt-out alternative was also included to capture preferences for none of the presented options. Using a random parameter logit model, specified in willingness to pay (WTP) space, the results indicate a significant higher WTP for forest bathing in Orihuela del Tremedal over Pinares de Rodeno. Participants also expressed a greater WTP towards guided sessions and engaging in the activity alone rather than in groups. These findings provide an accurate economic valuation of forest bathing as an ecosystem service, offering valuable insights for policymakers and local authorities. The results can support informed decision-making regarding the sustainable management and promotion of natural resources in rural areas, while simultaneously enhancing local economic development.
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Keywords

Actitudes del consumidorDesarrollo ruralDiseño de experimentosEnfoques ecosistémicosLife on landRecreación en el bosque

Quality index

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-01:

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    Continuing with the social impact of the work, it is important to emphasize that, due to its content, it can be assigned to the area of interest of ODS 15 - Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss, with a probability of 49% according to the mBERT algorithm developed by Aurora University.
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